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Long-Term Instability of Hydrogen Masers and Time Scales of National Standard of Time and Frequency

S. Yu. Antropov, E. Yu. Glazov, A. A. Karaush, A. V. Naumov, I. B. Norets, Yu. F. Smirnov

Transactions of IAA RAS, issue 65, 3–6 (2023)

Keywords: time scale, time and frequency metrology, frequency instability, Allan deviation, hydrogen maser

Abstract

Keeping and generation of time units at the State Service of Time and Frequency of Russia is based on observations of an atomic clocks ensemble. As a result, paper and physical time scales are being generated. The paper time scale represents a series of corrections for 1 pps signals of hydrogen masers and the physical one is a 1 pps signal generated by the equipment, approximate in moment to the numerical values of the paper time scale. The accuracy of time scale generation, among other factors, is determined by the instability of atomic clocks frequency. In order to reduce time standard frequency instability, hydrogen masers with improved characteristics were included to the Russian National State Standard of Time and Frequency and National Time Scale UTC(SU), and changes to the algorithm for physical time scale generation were proposed. Changes to the algorithm for the generation of the physical time scale are proposed, in particular, the frequency of performing group analysis of internal comparison data and calculations of the analytical time scale has been changed from 1 time per day to 1 time per 3 minutes. As a result of processing internal comparisons of the hydrogen masers frequencies data, estimates of the individual instability of the hydrogen masers frequency were made for the values of the measurement time interval of no more than 1 day. The estimation of the hydrogen masers frequency instability for the values of the measurement time interval of more than 1 day were carried out relative to the international time scale TAI according to the data of external comparisons published by BIPM. The use of BIPM data also made it possible to estimate the instability of the hydrogen masers frequency of foreign laboratories. The use of new hydrogen masers made it possible to achieve better indicators of frequency instability, in comparison with foreign hydrogen masers. As a result, the predictability of the hydrogen masers improved, and contribution of domestic hydrogen masers used for the generation of TAI exceeded the weight of standards time and frequency from other leading laboratories of the world.

Citation

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RIS

S. Yu. Antropov, E. Yu. Glazov, A. A. Karaush, A. V. Naumov, I. B. Norets, Yu. F. Smirnov. Long-Term Instability of Hydrogen Masers and Time Scales of National Standard of Time and Frequency // Transactions of IAA RAS. — 2023. — Issue 65. — P. 3–6.

@article{antropov2023,
  abstract = {Keeping and generation of time units at the State Service of Time and Frequency of Russia is based on observations of an atomic clocks ensemble. As a result, paper and physical time scales are being generated. The paper time scale represents a series of corrections for 1 pps signals of hydrogen masers and the physical one is a 1 pps signal generated by the equipment, approximate in moment to the numerical values of the paper time scale. The accuracy of time scale generation, among other factors, is determined by the instability of atomic clocks frequency.
In order to reduce time standard frequency instability, hydrogen masers with improved characteristics were included to the Russian National State Standard of Time and Frequency and National Time Scale UTC(SU), and changes to the algorithm for physical time scale generation were proposed. Changes to the algorithm for the generation of the physical time scale are proposed, in particular, the frequency of performing group analysis of internal comparison data and calculations of the analytical time scale has been changed from 1 time per day to 1 time per 3 minutes.
As a result of processing internal comparisons of the hydrogen masers frequencies data, estimates of the individual instability of the hydrogen masers frequency were made for the values of the measurement time interval of no more than 1 day. The estimation of the hydrogen masers frequency instability for the values of the measurement time interval of more than 1 day were carried out relative to the international time scale TAI according to the data of external comparisons published by BIPM. The use of BIPM data also made it possible to estimate the instability of the hydrogen masers frequency of foreign laboratories.
The use of new hydrogen masers made it possible to achieve better indicators of frequency instability, in comparison with foreign hydrogen masers. As a result, the predictability of the hydrogen masers improved, and contribution of domestic hydrogen masers used for the generation of TAI exceeded the weight of standards time and frequency from other leading laboratories of the world.},
  author = {S.~Yu. Antropov and E.~Yu. Glazov and A.~A. Karaush and A.~V. Naumov and I.~B. Norets and Yu.~F. Smirnov},
  doi = {10.32876/ApplAstron.65.3-6},
  issue = {65},
  journal = {Transactions of IAA RAS},
  keyword = {time scale, time and frequency metrology, frequency instability, Allan deviation, hydrogen maser},
  pages = {3--6},
  title = {Long-Term Instability of Hydrogen Masers and Time Scales of National Standard of Time and Frequency},
  url = {http://iaaras.ru/en/library/paper/2153/},
  year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-Term Instability of Hydrogen Masers and Time Scales of National Standard of Time and Frequency
AU  - Antropov, S. Yu.
AU  - Glazov, E. Yu.
AU  - Karaush, A. A.
AU  - Naumov, A. V.
AU  - Norets, I. B.
AU  - Smirnov, Yu. F.
PY  - 2023
T2  - Transactions of IAA RAS
IS  - 65
SP  - 3
AB  - Keeping and generation of time units at the State Service of Time and
Frequency of Russia is based on observations of an atomic clocks
ensemble. As a result, paper and physical time scales are being
generated. The paper time scale represents a series of corrections
for 1 pps signals of hydrogen masers and the physical one is a 1 pps
signal generated by the equipment, approximate in moment to the
numerical values of the paper time scale. The accuracy of time scale
generation, among other factors, is determined by the instability of
atomic clocks frequency.  In order to reduce time standard frequency
instability, hydrogen masers with improved characteristics were
included to the Russian National State Standard of Time and Frequency
and National Time Scale UTC(SU), and changes to the algorithm for
physical time scale generation were proposed. Changes to the
algorithm for the generation of the physical time scale are proposed,
in particular, the frequency of performing group analysis of internal
comparison data and calculations of the analytical time scale has
been changed from 1 time per day to 1 time per 3 minutes.  As a
result of processing internal comparisons of the hydrogen masers
frequencies data, estimates of the individual instability of the
hydrogen masers frequency were made for the values of the measurement
time interval of no more than 1 day. The estimation of the hydrogen
masers frequency instability for the values of the measurement time
interval of more than 1 day were carried out relative to the
international time scale TAI according to the data of external
comparisons published by BIPM. The use of BIPM data also made it
possible to estimate the instability of the hydrogen masers frequency
of foreign laboratories.  The use of new hydrogen masers made it
possible to achieve better indicators of frequency instability, in
comparison with foreign hydrogen masers. As a result, the
predictability of the hydrogen masers improved, and contribution of
domestic hydrogen masers used for the generation of TAI exceeded the
weight of standards time and frequency from other leading
laboratories of the world.
DO  - 10.32876/ApplAstron.65.3-6
UR  - http://iaaras.ru/en/library/paper/2153/
ER  -