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Autonomous Navigation System for Small Spacecrafts within a Cluster

T. V. Danilova, M. A. Arkhipova, M. A. Maslova

Transactions of IAA RAS, issue 58, 24–29 (2021)

Keywords: small spacecraft, autonomous navigation, intersatellite measurements, optical-electronic device, star sensor

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop an astronomical autonomous navigation system for small spacecrafts while a part of an orbital constellation called a cluster. The necessary condition is the presence of a spacecraft-leader in the cluster, whose orbit estimates are known with high accuracy. The functioning of the system is based on sighting of the spacecraft-leader in the optical-electronic device. The main tasks to be solved are the formation of measurers (optical-electronic device) composition, the development of the navigation vector function and the corresponding gradient matrix, the determination of the conditions for the functioning of the system, under which the accuracy of the generated navigation definitions reaches the level of accuracy of the sighted spacecraft-leader. The main research methods are the least square method and simulation modeling. In the process of creating a simulation model of the autonomous navigation system functioning traditional issues are solved that provide a solution of the navigation problem with iterative processing of measurement using the least square method and the formation of indicators for the navigation definitions accuracy. Also the original algorithms are developed that determine the method of navigation, which primarily include the formation of vectors of measured and calculated values of navigation parameters and the corresponding gradient matrix. Using the developed simulation model, two types of low-orbit spacecrafts clusters were investigated, for each a set of conditions was formed that provide a posteriori accuracy of the formed navigation field at the level of estimates errors of the spacecraft-leader orbit. The presented results have shown high accuracy characteristics of the considered navigation system, and consequently, the possibility of its use in onboard management systems of small spacecrafts within a cluster.

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T. V. Danilova, M. A. Arkhipova, M. A. Maslova. Autonomous Navigation System for Small Spacecrafts within a Cluster // Transactions of IAA RAS. — 2021. — Issue 58. — P. 24–29.

@article{danilova2021,
  abstract = {The purpose of this study is to develop an astronomical autonomous navigation system for small spacecrafts while a part of an orbital constellation called a cluster. The necessary condition is the presence of a spacecraft-leader in the cluster, whose orbit estimates are known with high accuracy. The functioning of the system is based on sighting of the spacecraft-leader in the optical-electronic device. The main tasks to be solved are the formation of measurers (optical-electronic device) composition, the development of the navigation vector function and the corresponding gradient matrix, the determination of the conditions for the functioning of the system, under which the accuracy of the generated navigation definitions reaches the level of accuracy of the sighted spacecraft-leader.
The main research methods are the least square method and simulation modeling. In the process of creating a simulation model of the autonomous navigation system functioning traditional issues are solved that provide a solution of the navigation problem with iterative processing of measurement using the least square method and the formation of indicators for the navigation definitions accuracy. Also the original algorithms are developed that determine the method of navigation, which primarily include the formation of vectors of measured and calculated values of navigation parameters and the corresponding gradient matrix.
Using the developed simulation model, two types of low-orbit spacecrafts clusters were investigated, for each a set of conditions was formed that provide a posteriori accuracy of the formed navigation field at the level of estimates errors of the spacecraft-leader orbit. The presented results have shown high accuracy characteristics of the considered navigation system, and consequently, the possibility of its use in onboard management systems of small spacecrafts within a cluster.},
  author = {T.~V. Danilova and M.~A. Arkhipova and M.~A. Maslova},
  doi = {10.32876/ApplAstron.58.24-29},
  issue = {58},
  journal = {Transactions of IAA RAS},
  keyword = {small spacecraft, autonomous navigation, intersatellite measurements, optical-electronic device, star sensor},
  pages = {24--29},
  title = {Autonomous Navigation System for Small Spacecrafts within a Cluster},
  url = {http://iaaras.ru/en/library/paper/2094/},
  year = {2021}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Autonomous Navigation System for Small Spacecrafts within a Cluster
AU  - Danilova, T. V.
AU  - Arkhipova, M. A.
AU  - Maslova, M. A.
PY  - 2021
T2  - Transactions of IAA RAS
IS  - 58
SP  - 24
AB  - The purpose of this study is to develop an astronomical autonomous
navigation system for small spacecrafts while a part of an orbital
constellation called a cluster. The necessary condition is the
presence of a spacecraft-leader in the cluster, whose orbit estimates
are known with high accuracy. The functioning of the system is based
on sighting of the spacecraft-leader in the optical-electronic
device. The main tasks to be solved are the formation of measurers
(optical-electronic device) composition, the development of the
navigation vector function and the corresponding gradient matrix, the
determination of the conditions for the functioning of the system,
under which the accuracy of the generated navigation definitions
reaches the level of accuracy of the sighted spacecraft-leader.  The
main research methods are the least square method and simulation
modeling. In the process of creating a simulation model of the
autonomous navigation system functioning traditional issues are
solved that provide a solution of the navigation problem with
iterative processing of measurement using the least square method and
the formation of indicators for the navigation definitions accuracy.
Also the original algorithms are developed that determine the method
of navigation, which primarily include the formation of vectors of
measured and calculated values of navigation parameters and the
corresponding gradient matrix.  Using the developed simulation model,
two types of low-orbit spacecrafts clusters were investigated, for
each a set of conditions was formed that provide a posteriori
accuracy of the formed navigation field at the level of estimates
errors of the spacecraft-leader orbit. The presented results have
shown high accuracy characteristics of the considered navigation
system, and consequently, the possibility of its use in onboard
management systems of small spacecrafts within a cluster.
DO  - 10.32876/ApplAstron.58.24-29
UR  - http://iaaras.ru/en/library/paper/2094/
ER  -