ASTRONOMICAL YEARBOOK for 2009

Contents

Preface 3
Seasons, some constants 5
Sidereal time 6
Ephemeris of the Sun 10
Rectangular equatorial coordinates of the Sun 26
Aberration, parallax, mean longitude of the Sun, obliquity of the ecliptic, nutation in obliquity 34
Mean longitude of the Moon, mean elements of the Moon's orbit and equator 35
Ephemeris of the Moon 36
Right ascension, declination and geocentric distance of the Moon 52
Coefficients of the Tchebyshov polynomials, the Moon 60
Phases of the Moon, perigee and apogee 60
Heliocentric coordinates of the planets 61
Osculating elements of the internal planets 66
Osculating elements of the outer planets 67
Ephemeris of Mercury 68
Ephemeris of Venus 76
Ephemeris of Mars 84
Ephemeris of Jupiter 92
Ephemeris of Saturn 100
Ephemeris of Uranus 108
Ephemeris of Neptune 116
Ephemeris of Pluto 124
Position and velocity of the Earth 126
Precession and nutation 127
Terms of reductions at 0h Terrestrial Dynamical Time 142
Eclipses 150
Planetary configurations 162
Ephemeris for physical observations of the Sun 166
Ephemeris for physical observations of the Moon 170
Ephemeris for physical observations of Mercury 178
Ephemeris for physical observations of Venus 186
Ephemeris for physical observations of Mars 190
Ephemeris for physical observations of Jupiter 198
Physical data for the Sun, Moon, and major planets 205
Rotational elements of the planets 205
Ephemeris for physical observations of Saturn 206
Saturn's rings 212
Ephemeris for physical observations of Uranus 214
Ephemeris for physical observations of Neptune 216
Times of sunrise and sunset for latitudes from +30° through +70° 218
Times of moonrise and moonset for latitudes from +30° through +70° 226
Abbreviations of names of constellations 258
Abbreviations of names of catalogues 258
Mean places of stars (J20098.5) 259
Mean places of circumpolar stars (J2009.5) 273
Mean places of stars (ICRS) 274
Mean places of circumpolar stars (ICRS) 288
Terms of reductions for 0h of sidereal dynamical time 289
Second order terms of reductions 297
Apparent places of stars 301
Apparent places of circumpolar stars 484
Tables for latitude determinations from observations of Polaris 578
Table for altitudes and azimuths of Polaris 583
Earth rotation angle and Equation of the Origins 586
Celestial Intermediate Reference System 590
Matrix elements for conversion to CIRS 594

Auxiliary tables

I. Julian dates 603
II. Conversion of mean time to sidereal time (with accuracy 0.01s) 608
IIb. Conversion of sidereal time to mean time (with accuracy 0.01s) 609
III. Conversion of mean time to sidereal time (with accuracy 0.001s and 0.0001s) 610
IIIb. Conversion of sidereal time to mean time (with accuracy 0.001s and 0.0001s) 611
IV. Conversion of minutes and seconds to parts of gradus and back
612
IVb. Conversion of decimal parts of gradus to minutes and seconds and back
612
V. Conversion of arc to time 614
VI. Conversion of minutes and seconds to parts of hour 614
VII. Conversion of hours, minutes and seconds to parts of day 615
VIII. Elements of PE-90 Earth's spheroid. Calculation geocentric coordinates of the Earth's surface points 616
VIIIb. Elements of IUGG Earth's spheroid. Calculation geocentric coordinates of the Earth's surface points 617
IX. Coefficients of Bessel's interpolation formula 618
X. Refraction (the precision 1") 619
XI. Refraction (the precision 0.1") 620

Explanation to Astronomical Yearbook for 2009

1. General remarks 621
2. Interpolation 630
3. Sidereal time 633
4. Transition from One Time Measure System to Another 634
5. Fundamental ephemeris of the Sun, the Moon, and major planets 638
6. Ephemeris of the Sun: the equatorial and ecliptical coordinates 641
7. Rectangular equatorial coordinates of the Sun 645
8. Mean elements of Sun's orbit. Mean elements of Moon's orbit and equator 645
9. Ephemeris of the Moon. Coefficients of the Tchebyshov polynomials. Phases of the Moon, perigee, apogee 645
10. Heliocentric coordinates of planets. Osculating elements 647
11. Ephemerides of the major planets 648
12. Position and velocity of the Earth. precession and nutation 650
13. Terms of reductions 652
14. Eclipses
653
15. Planetary configurations and other astronomical phenomena 657
16. Ephemeris for physical observations of the Sun 657
17. Ephemeris for physical observations of the Moon 658
18. Planetocentric and planetographic coordinates of the Earth and the Sun 659
19. Ephemeris for physical observations of planets 661
20. Saturn's rings 662
21. Times of rise and set of the Sun and Moon 663
22. Mean places of stars 664
23. Apparent places of stars 666
24. Apparent places of circumpolar stars 674
25. Tables for latitude determinations from observations of Polaris 677
26. Earth rotation angle and Equation of the Origins 678
27. Parameters of the Celestial Intermediate Reference System 679
28. Matrix elements for conversion from ICRS to CIRS 679

Index 681

Appendix: Coordinates of observatories

Appendix: Satellites of Jupiter